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Seasonality of Infectious Diseases.

Fisman DN

Child Health Evaluative Sciences Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, and Ontario Provincial Public Health Laboratory, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1E2 Canada david.fisman@sickkids.ca.

Seasonality, a periodic surge in disease incidence corresponding to seasons or other calendar periods, characterizes many infectious diseases of public health importance. The recognition of seasonal patterns in infectious disease occurrence dates back at least as far as the Hippocratic era, but mechanisms underlying seasonality of person-to-person transmitted diseases are not well understood. Improved understanding will enhance understanding of host-pathogen interactions and will improve the accuracy of public health surveillance and forecasting systems. Insight into seasonal disease patterns may be gained through the use of autocorrelation methods or construction of periodograms, while seasonal oscillation of infectious diseases can be easily simulated using simple transmission models. Models demonstrate that small seasonal changes in host or pathogen factors may be sufficient to create large seasonal surges in disease incidence, which may be important particularly in the context of global climate change. Seasonality represents a rich area for future research. Expected online publication date for the Annual Review of Public Health Volume 28 is March 17, 2007. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/catalog/pub_dates.asp for revised estimates.

Published 15 January 2007 in Annu Rev Public Health.
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